Inclusion Criteria: - Skeletally mature subjects at least 25 years of age - Chronic lower back pain for at least 6 months - Failure to respond to at least 6 months of non-operative conservative management Exclusion Criteria: - Radicular pain - Current or history of spinal infection - Modic changes at vertebral bodies other than L3 to S1 - Contraindication to MRI - Pregnant, lactating or plan to become pregnant in next year - Has life expectancy of less than 2 years - Compensated injuries or ongoing litigation regarding back pain/injury, or financial incentive to remain impaired

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Male or female, between 18 and 75 years of age, inclusive, and skeletally mature, in the opinion of the investigator. 2. Has provided written informed consent before undergoing any study-specific procedures. 3. Has chronic low back pain for at least 6 months, where back pain is greater than leg pain. 4. Has separate low back pain and leg pain VAS scores within the following parameters: 1. Average low back pain VAS score of at least 40 mm and less than 90 mm on a 100 mm visual analog scale. 2. Average leg pain VAS score that is less than or equal to 50% of the average low back pain VAS score above, where leg pain VAS scores are measured on a 100 mm visual analog scale. 5. Has had inadequate response to conservative medical care over a period of at least 3 months. 6. Diagnosis of painful degenerative disc disease at one lumbar level from L1 to S1 confirmed by subject history and radiographic studies (eg, MRI, x-rays). Radiographic studies must demonstrate the following: 1. A Pfirrmann score of 3 or 4 on MRI in just a single disc between L1 and S1 2. With or without contained disc herniations of <3 mm protrusion with no radiographic evidence of neurologic compression 3. Disc height loss of the symptomatic disc is less than 50% of the adjacent discs 4. All discs other than the index disc must have a Pfirrman score of less than 3 5. No spondylolisthesis or instability on flexion/extension views of more than 1-2 mm 6. No evidence of sacroiliac, or extra-spinal, pathology that could account for lumbar back pain 7. No more fluid in, or widening of, the facet joints around the symptomatic disc than is seen on the other facet joints of "normal" levels 7. Has a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 15.0 and 35.0 kg/m2 at the screening visit. 8. Oswestry Disability Index score of at least 30 and not more than 90 on the 100 point questionnaire. 9. Willing and able to comply with all protocol requirements. 10. Females of childbearing potential must agree to use highly effective methods of contraception during heterosexual intercourse from the date they sign the ICF until 1 year after the single dose of study drug is administered. 11. Male subjects must agree that, if their partner is of childbearing potential, they and the partner will use an appropriate method of contraception as defined above. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Has any prior or current medical condition (eg, an active systemic infection), including known bleeding disorders that, in the judgment of the Investigator, would prevent the subject from safely participating in and/or completing all study requirements. 2. Has any clinically significant finding on a screening evaluation that in the judgment of the Investigator would preclude safe study completion. 3. Liver function tests >1.5 the upper limit of normal (ULN) for alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 4. Serum creatinine >1.5 ULN at screening 5. Blood pressure >160/110 mm Hg recorded on 3 readings at screening and/or resting pulse >120 beats/min at screening 6. Body temperature ≥101°F on day of planned injection 7. Has a co-morbid medical condition of the spine or the upper extremities that may affect neurological and/or pain assessments as specified in the protocol, including spinal fusion, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. 8. Has evidence of hip pathology based on clinical history, physical exam and/or radiographic imaging that could be the source of lumbar back pain. 9. Has a history of an endocrine or metabolic disorder that affects the spine (eg, Paget's disease). 10. Has a compressive pathology due to stenosis or frankly herniated disc or sequestered discs. 11. Has symptomatic involvement of more than one lumbar disc, in the opinion of the investigator. 12. Has an intact disc bulge/protrusion or focal herniation at the symptomatic level >3 mm, the presence of disc extrusion or sequestration, or a complete annular tear. 13. Has lumbar intervertebral foraminal stenosis at the symptomatic level resulting in clinically significant spinal nerve root compression, in the opinion of the investigator. 14. Has undergone a previous surgery at the symptomatic disc, or has plans to do so within 6 months of receiving the dose of AMG0103, that has altered the structure of the target disc level, or is likely to do so (eg, laminectomy, foraminotomy, fusion, intradiscal electrothermal therapy, intradiscal radiofrequency, thermocoagulation). 15. Has had any lumbar intradiscal injection procedure (eg, injection of corticosteroids, methylene blue, dextrose, or glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate). Discography may be performed, but must be done at least 3 weeks (or more) prior to the injection procedure in this study. 16. Has had any epidural steroid injection(s) within 3 months prior to study treatment. 17. Is a female who is pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or lactating. 18. Has a PT(INR) and/or aPTT lab result outside of the reference range, or within the last 30 days taken, or is currently on, an anticoagulant therapy (e.g., Warfarin) for the purpose of treating or preventing blood clots. 19. Has ferromagnetic implants that would disallow MRI of the symptomatic disc. 20. Is involved in current or pending spinal litigation where permanent disability benefits are being sought. 21. Has a physical or mental condition (eg, senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease) that would interfere with Subject self-assessment of function, pain or quality of life. 22. Has a positive screen for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Hepatitis C antibodies, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by antibodies or nucleic acid test. 23. Is an immediate family member (by birth) of any other subject participating in this study. 24. Has a history of cancer that does NOT have documentation to support a complete and curative treatment. 25. Has participated within the previous 3 months in an interventional clinical study or is concurrently enrolled in any non-interventional research of any type judged to be scientifically or medically incompatible with this study. 26. Is transient or has been treated in the 6 months prior to providing informed consent for alcohol and/or drug abuse in an inpatient substance abuse program. 27. Is currently incarcerated (a prisoner). 28. Is an Investigator-site employee or immediate family (defined as a spouse, parent, child, or sibling, whether biological or legally adopted) of an Investigator-site employee. 29. Is a Sponsor employee (permanent, temporary contract worker, or designee responsible for the conduct of the study) or immediate family (defined as a spouse, parent, child, or sibling, whether biological or legally adopted) of a Sponsor employee.

Inclusion Criteria: The subject must have: 1. Diagnosis of early to moderate degenerative disc disease (DDD), Modified Pfirrmann Grade 3-7. 2. Chronic low-back pain for at least 6 months prior to screening; unresponsive to at least 3 months of conservative care. 3. Low-back pain of 40 to 90 mm on the VAS and ODI score of 30 to 90. Exclusion Criteria: The subject is excluded if he/she has: 1. Symptomatic involvement of more than one lumbar disc. 2. Other persistent pain/nerve issues including, for example, radiculopathy, leg pain, cauda equine syndrome, etc. 3. Fracture of the spine, previous lumbar spine surgery or previous treatment of the target disc. 4. Evidence of dynamic instability on lumbar flexion-extension radiographs. 5. Grade 2 or higher spondylolisthesis at the target disc, lumbar spondylitis or other undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, or Type III Modic changes around the target disc. 6. Clinical suspicion of a full thickness annular tear at the target disc or other abnormal disc morphology. 7. Clinical suspicion of facet pain as primary pain generator. 8. Subjects who test positive for communicable disease, have significant systemic disease, or are prone to infection. 9. Patients who are deemed unsuitable for clinical study participation by the investigator.

Inclusion Criteria: - Subject is 18 years of age or older - Subject had a spinal procedure where a dural opening (either intentional or incidental) occurred and was treated with either: - DuraSeal™ Exact Spine Sealant (DuraSeal™ Sealant group ONLY) OR - Any other method of sealing the dura with the exception of DuraSeal™ Sealant -either spinal or cranial. (Control group ONLY) - Subject, or authorized representative, has been informed of the nature of the study and has provided written informed consent approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the respective clinical site prior to the collection of study data. - Prospective subjects: Consent must be obtained within 24 hours of surgery stop time. - Retrospective subjects (Control group specific): IRB approval may be granted to individual sites to waive requirement for informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: - The investigator determines that the subject will not be able to comply with the required follow-up visits (not required if subject is being enrolled retrospectively- control group ONLY) - Pregnant or breastfeeding females (as documented in the medical records; no testing beyond the site's standard of care is required)

Inclusion Criteria: - A subject may be included if s/he meets the following criteria: 1. ≥18 years of age; 2. Able to give appropriate informed consent; 3. Willing and able to meet the proposed follow-up schedule; 4. Has documented diagnosis of up to, and including, Grade 1 spondylolisthesis and/or degenerative disc disease; 5. Has given appropriate consent for, and undergoes, standard-of-care transforminal or posterior lumber interbody fusion; 6. Use of InQu Bone Graft Extender on-label. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Any prior lumbar fusion surgery; 2. Requires fusion surgery of more than two adjacent levels; 3. Has fusion surgery requiring titanium cages; 4. Has a systemic infection or has infection at the site of surgery; 5. Has a medical condition or requires post-operative medication that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with bony/soft tissue healing; 6. Has any physical, social, psychological or economic condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may preclude accurate data collection or evaluation.

Inclusion Criteria: Subjects must meet all of the following to be considered eligible: 1. AIS A classification of traumatic spinal cord injury at T2-T12 neurological level of injury confirmed by a qualified medical professional 2. Recent injury (must receive Scaffold within 7 days from injury) 3. Non-penetrating SCI (contusion injury) that is no less than approximately 4 mm in diameter by MRI 4. Requires open spine surgery allowing access to the injured spinal cord (subjects requiring either posterior surgical approach or posterior plus anterior approach will be eligible) 5. Informed consent obtained 6. 16-70 years of age, inclusive 7. Hemodynamically stable and deemed a suitable candidate for surgery Exclusion Criteria: Subjects who meet any of the following will be excluded: 1. Terminally ill subjects not likely to be able to participate in follow-up 2. Incomplete spinal cord injury (AIS B, C, D, and E injuries) 3. Subjects with more than one discrete spinal cord injury (contusion) will be excluded. 4. No discrete cavity (existing or created by irrigation/myelotomy) in the contused spinal cord in which a Scaffold can be placed 5. Evidence of clear and significant Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP) transmission through the injury site before Scaffold implantation (based on the judgment of the Investigator) 6. Subjects with clinically significant pre-existing neurological comorbidities that are unrelated to the contusion being treated (e.g., multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, significant prior peripheral nerve dysfunction, residual problems related to previous spine-related neurological pathologies) will be excluded only if it is felt that these preexisting morbidities will increase risk, affect safety monitoring, or confound study results 7. Spinal cord injury associated with significant traumatic brain injury or coma that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would preclude adequate assessment of spinal cord function, brain injury that could be associated on its own with sensory or motor deficits, or subjects with any other reason that results in an unreliable International Standards of Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) exam 8. Subjects with clinically significant pre-existing respiratory disease not related to the contusion being treated (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) 9. Subjects requiring Long-term ongoing mechanical ventilation 10. Subjects with documented immune deficiency disorders, including a known diagnosis of HIV infection/AIDS 11. Recent (according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV or DSM V criteria) history of abuse of narcotics or other significant substance abuse 12. Significant injury complications where, in the view of the Investigator, participation in the study could further complicate subject care, limit study follow-up, or confound interpretation of safety or efficacy data. 13. A female who is: - Pregnant, or planning to become pregnant within the next 12-months; or - Breastfeeding; or - A woman of child-bearing potential (defined as post menarche and biologically capable of becoming pregnant [i.e., not surgically sterile]) who is engaged in active heterosexual relations and is not willing to use a barrier or hormonal form of birth control for 12-months following Scaffold implantation (e.g., oral, injected, or implanted contraceptives) 14. A male who is engaged in active heterosexual relations and is not willing to use birth control for 3-months following Scaffold implantation including sperm donation or banking 15. Current or impending incarceration 16. Complete spinal cord transection 17. Subjects with spinal cord injuries directly due to gunshot, knife, or other penetrating wounds. 18. Known hypersensitivity to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or poly-L-lysine (PLL) (e.g., hypersensitivity to absorbable sutures containing PLGA) 19. History of severe mental illness (according to DSM IV or V) 20. Evidence of pre-trauma active local or systemic infection 21. Participation in another interventional clinical trial for six months after Scaffold implantation 22. Body mass index (BMI) over 39 23. Having a medical condition (e.g., cardiovascular disease, life threatening injuries), or receiving medical treatment, or having any other reason that, in the judgment of the Investigator, precludes successful participation and follow-up for at least six months or confounds collection or interpretation of study safety, feasibility, or efficacy data

Inclusion Criteria: - Subject must be scheduled to undergo an elective open posterior spinal fusion procedures with multilevel instrumentation, 10 to 60 days after study vaccination. - Subject must be available for the entire duration of the study, and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study procedures including completion of the electronic diary for 10 days after study vaccination. - Aged 18 to <86 years old Exclusion Criteria: - Planned spinal fusion procedure requiring separate operations performed on separate days (ie, staged procedure). - Surgical indication of malignancy, infection or acute or emergency trauma. - History of major surgery within 3 months prior to enrollment, or anticipated major surgery other than the Index Surgical Procedure between study enrollment and completion of study participation. - History of any spinal surgery performed within 6 months prior to study enrollment. - History of any previous spinal surgery resulting in postoperative BSI or SSI. - Congenital or acquired immunodeficiency disorder, rheumatologic disorder or other illness requiring chronic treatment with known immunosuppressant medications, including monoclonal antibodies within a year of enrollment or the use of systemic corticosteroids for > 14 days within 30 days prior to enrollment. - History of leukemia, lymphoma, underlying bone marrow disorder or history of bone marrow transplant.

Major Inclusion Criteria: - Sensorimotor complete, traumatic SCI (ASIA Impairment Scale A) for cohorts 1,2,3 - Sensorimotor incomplete, traumatic SCI (ASIA Impairment Scale B) for cohorts 4,5 - Last fully preserved single neurological level (SNL) from C-4 to C-7 - From 18 through 69 years of age at time of injury - Single spinal cord lesion on a post-stabilization magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, with sufficient visualization of the spinal cord injury epicenter and lesion margins to enable post-injection safety monitoring - Informed consent for this protocol and the companion long term follow-up protocol must be provided and documented (i.e., signed informed consent forms) no later than 37 days following injury - Able to participate in an elective surgical procedure to inject AST-OPC1 21-42 days following SCI Major Exclusion Criteria: - SCI due to penetrating trauma - Traumatic anatomical transection or laceration of the spinal cord based on prior surgery or MRI - Any concomitant injury that interferes with the performance, interpretation or validity of neurological examinations - Inability to communicate effectively with neurological examiner such that the validity of patient data could be compromised - Significant organ damage or systemic disease that would create an unacceptable risk for surgery or immunosuppression - History of any malignancy (except non-melanoma skin cancers) - Pregnant or nursing women - Body mass index (BMI) > 35 or weight > 300 lbs. - Active participation in another experimental procedure/intervention